Citation (IEEE): N. Donofrio, J. Spohrer, and H. S. Zadeh, “Research-Driven Medical Education and Practice: A Case for T-Shaped Professionals,” Viewpoint essay, 2009.
What it argues
Using medicine as the example, the authors argue that complex modern problems need professionals who combine deep expertise in one area with the breadth to collaborate across disciplines and with the business and human systems around them. They propose that education be redesigned to grow both bars of the T on purpose, rather than producing narrow specialists and hoping that breadth develops on its own.